2. Use: The present perfect is used for a complete action: We are thinking of the result when describing: EXAMPLES: 1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do) 2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week isn't over yet) 3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited London several times. 4. An action that was completed in the very recent past (expressed by 'just') I have just finished my work. 5. An action when the result is very important but the time is not. He has seen ‘Harry Potter’.  Present perfect OR past simple? Very Important: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the simple past. Example: He saw ‘Harry Potter’ last week. Use the present perfect when the time is not important. Use the simple past when the time or place is important. Try the exercise PRESENT PERFECT + for, since When talking about the length of time (duration), we use the present perfect with for + a period of time. When talking about a starting point, we use the present perfect with since + a point in time. For + a period of time: for six years, for a week, for a month, for hours, for two hours. I have worked here for five years. She has lived here for twenty years. They have been married for six months. Since + a point in time: since this morning, since last week, since yesterday, since I was 12, since Friday, since 6 o'clock. I have lived here since 1998. They have been married since June. We have been at this school since last year.  F PRESENT PERFECT + adverbs (ever, never, already, yet, still) 'Ever' and 'never' are always placed before the past participle. 'Ever' = sometime before now, is used: a. in questions  Have you ever been to Canada? Has she ever met someone famous? b. in negative questions  Haven't they ever been to Canada? Haven't you ever eaten Thai food? c. and in negative statements using the pattern nothing.......ever, nobody.......ever e.g. Nobody has ever said that to me before. Nothing like that has ever happened to me. d. 'Ever' is also used with 'The first time.... e.g. It's the first time I've ever eaten Thai food. This is the first time I've ever been to Canada. 'Never' = not ever. Never is used after have/has. I have never visited London. I’ve never been so sick. Already, yet and still.  It can be placed before the main verb (past participle) or at the end of the sentence. Already = sooner than expected, is used: a. I've already heard the story five times. b. Most people have already gone. It is also used in questions: a. Have you already rung Mike? b. Has he arrived already? Yet is used in negative statements and questions when we are expecting something to happen and goes at the end of the sentence. a. Have you bought a ticket yet? b. I haven't met her yet. c. Has your course started yet? d. They haven't arrived yet. Still = continuing longer than expected. Still is stronger than yet and often expresses surprise that a situation has continued for so long. a. She isn’t home yet. She’s still at work. b. I still haven’t found what I’m looking for. c. I’m still thinking about it.  ==================================================================================    - Present Perfect or Past Simple Test 1. When ________________ the school?
a)	have you joined
b)	did you joined
c)	did you join
d)	have you ever joined
2. ___________________   in England?
a)	Did you ever worked
b)	Have you ever worked
c)	Worked you
d)	Didn't you have worked
3. That's the best speech ______________
a)	I never heard
b)	I didn't hear
c)	I used to hear
d)	I've ever heard
4. He's the most difficult housemate _____________________
a)	I never dealt with.
b)	I never had to deal with.
c)	I've ever had to deal with.
d)	I've never had to deal with.
5. ___________________ to him last week.
a)	I spoke
b)	I've already spoken
c)	I didn't spoke
d)	I speaked
6. ______________ a contract last year and it is still valid.
a)	We have signed
b)	We signed
c)	We haven't signed
d)	We have sign
7.  _______________ from a business trip to France.
a)	I come back
b)	I came back
c)	I never came back
d)	I've just come back
8. Prices ________ in 1995 but then _____   in 1996.
a)	rised                   falled
b)	rose                   fell
c)	have risen          have fallen
d)	rose                   have fallen
9. You    ____________        to a word    ____________
a)	listened                    I haven't said
b)	didn't listen               I say
c)	listened                       saying
d)	haven't listened           I've said
10. I can't believe that ________________ the news.
a)	you haven't read
b)	you didn't read
c)	you don't read
d)	you read not

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Present Simple Tense (example :  to play)
Affirmative	Negative		Interrogative
	Long Form	Contracted Form
I play	I do not play	I don't play	Do I play?
You play	You do not play	You don't play	Do you play?
He/she/it     plays	He/she/it does not     play	He/she/it    doesn't play	Does he/she/it     play?
We play	We do not play	We don't play	Do we play?
You play	You do not play	You don't play	Do you play?
They play	They do not play	They don't play	Do they play?

    

 The Present Simple is used :

      ►To talk about regular activities, routine, habits:                                               

           -  John plays tennis once a week.

           -  We start work at 9 a.m. every day.

           -  Mary eats fish on Fridays.

      ►To talk about tastes:

            -  Peter likes Chinese food.

            -  Julie doesn't like fish.

            -  Their children love chocolate.

      ► To talk about facts:

           -  The sun rises in the east.

           -  In Europe, the weather is cold in winter.

           -  Authors write books.

 ========================================================================

 Present Simple Tense 
 

Complete each sentence with a verb from the box.

start   |   take   |   eat   |    think   |    sleep  |    go   |    like   |   drink  |   write  |    live

  

     1.   The film ____________ every day at 8 p.m.

     2.   The children ____________  milk with their meals.

     3.   Cats generally _____________ a lot.

     4.   Julie _____________ a letter to her mother once a week.

     5.   Tom and Julie ____________ in a big city in the centre of the country.

     6.   Tourists ___________   to Egypt to see the pyramids.

     7.   Jimmy always ___________ the bus to go to school.

     8.   We all know that children _____________ sweets.

     9.   Anne ______________ it's a good idea to do English exercises.

   10.   If you want  to be healthy, you must ___________ good food.

Answers :

1-starts      2-drink      3-sleep      4-writes      5-live      6-go      7-takes      8-like      9-thinks      10-eat

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TEAMS PROFILE INDICATOR

THEORIST – EXECUTOR – ANALYZER –MANAGER - STRATEGIST

1.      THEORIST :

KEKUATAN :

¨      Memiliki ide baru yang unik dan kreatif.

¨      Tidak kuatir dengan kegagalan.

¨      Melihat masalah dari sudut yang berbeda.

¨      Antusias dalam menghasilkan ide baru.

KEKURANGAN :

¨      Banyak ide tapi kurang dijalankan.

¨      Butuh target waktu & perencanaan yang jelas.

2.      EXECUTOR :
KEKUATAN :

¨      Pelaksana / impelementasi ide / program.

¨      Fokus pada pengerjaan tugas.

¨      Memahami proses dan hambatan yang terjadi di lapangan.

KEKURANGAN :

¨      Kurang suka dengan perubahan rencana.

¨      Menunggu keputusan / perintah.

¨      Perlu prosedur dan tujuan yang jelas dalam melaksanakan tugasnya.

3.      ANALYZER :

KEKUATAN :

¨      Mengkritisi ide – ide / program yang ada.

¨      Mendeteksi kesalahan yang tdk terlihat.

¨      Teratur, rapih, sistematis.

¨      Memiliki perencanaan yang jelas & detil.

KEKURANGAN :

¨      Terjebak dengan hal – hal detil sehingga lupa tujuan utamanya.

¨      Mudah mengkritik suatu kegagalan.

¨      Kurang berani ambil resiko

4.     MANAGER :

KEKUATAN :

¨      Memfasilitasi interaksi antar anggota.

¨      Memonitor dan mengkoordinasi proses.

¨      Diplomatis, menjaga keharmonisan.

¨      Mampu mendelegasikan tugas dengan efektif.

KEKURANGAN :

¨      Kurang suka jika ada anggota tim yang tidak terlibat.

¨      Cenderung mengambil keputusan sendiri saat menghadapi masalah

5.      STRATEGIST :

KEKUATAN :

¨      Pemimpin dan pembuat keputusan.

¨      Menentukan arah, strategi, fokus tim.

¨      Belajar dari pengalaman sebelumnya.

¨      Menyederhanakan ide / proses sesuai dengan tujuan yang ingin dicapai.

KEKURANGAN :

¨      Terkesan mendominasi anggota lainnya.

¨      Kurang mempertimbangkan kondisi anggota tim lain.

¨      Mudah mengubah keputusannya.

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